Black and White

tanner chess problem

By John Tanner. White to mate in two moves.

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1. f4! Kxe4 2. Rc4# From E.B. Cook et al., American Chess-Nuts, 1868.

August 29, 2015September 6, 2015 | Puzzles

Nobody Home

pooh and piglet

A puzzle by S. Sefibekov:

Winnie-the-Pooh and Piglet set out to visit one another. They leave their houses at the same time and walk along the same road. But Piglet is absorbed in counting the birds overhead, and Winnie-the-Pooh is composing a new “hum,” so they pass one another without noticing. One minute after the meeting, Winnie-the-Pooh is at Piglet’s house, and 4 minutes after the meeting Piglet is at Winnie-the-Pooh’s. How long has each of them walked?

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Call Winnie-the-Pooh’s house W and Piglet’s house P, and call their meeting point M. Suppose it took x minutes for the two of them to travel from their starting points to M. Then Winnie-the-Pooh spent x minutes walking from W to M and 1 minute from M to P; hence WM/MP = x. And the same reasoning for Piglet gives PM/MW = x/4. Now, WM/MP x PM/MW = 1, so 1 = x²/4, and x = 2. Winnie-the-Pooh has walked for 3 minutes and Piglet for 6 minutes. From the Russian science magazine Kvant.

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August 25, 2015September 6, 2015 | Puzzles

Bright and Early

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014_Meteor.jpg — Image: Wikimedia Commons

Meteors are more commonly seen between midnight and dawn than between dusk and midnight. Why?

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After midnight, skywatchers occupy a part of the globe that faces “forward” along Earth’s trajectory around the sun, so the meteoroids they see enter the atmosphere at a relatively high velocity. Between dusk and midnight we are facing “backward,” so the meteors we observe are catching up with us and enter the atmosphere at a lower speed. The faster a meteor travels through the atmosphere, the brighter it appears.

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August 18, 2015August 30, 2015 | Puzzles · Science & Math

Black and White

ropet chess problem

By Ivan Pavlovich Ropet. White to mate in two moves.

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1. Nf4! (threatening 2. Rd5#) Kxd4 2.Bf6# From the St. Petersburg New Times, 1899.

August 16, 2015August 30, 2015 | Puzzles

Podcast Episode 69: Lateral Thinking Puzzles

Here are four new lateral thinking puzzles to test your wits! Solve along with us as we explore some strange situations using only yes-or-no questions.

See full show notes …

August 10, 2015October 24, 2017 | Podcast · Puzzles

Black and White

legentil chess problem

By Georges Legentil. White to mate in two moves.

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1. Nc4! stops the pawns, and the queen will mate. From Journal de Rouen, March 4, 1911.

August 3, 2015August 16, 2015 | Puzzles

Knife Act

knife act - problem

I have just baked a rectangular cake when my wife comes home and barbarically cuts out a piece for herself. The piece she cuts is rectangular, but it’s not in any convenient proportion to the rest of the cake, and its sides aren’t even parallel to the cake’s sides. I want to divide the remaining cake into two equal-sized halves with a single straight cut. How can I do it?

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A line drawn through the center of a rectangle, in any direction, will cut it evenly in two. So a line that passes through both the center of the cake and the center of the removed rectangle will divide the remaining cake into equal halves, regardless of the proportions involved or the hole’s orientation. You can find the center of each rectangle by noting the intersection of its diagonals.

July 29, 2015August 9, 2015 | Puzzles

Black and White

ischty chess problem

By Juri Ischty. White to mate in two moves.

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1. Qh3! stops the h-pawn, and the queen will mate next move. From Shakhmatnoe Obozrenie, 1893.

July 22, 2015August 2, 2015 | Puzzles

Close Dosage

You’re on a drug regimen that requires you to take one pill a day from each of two bottles, A and B. One day you tap one pill into your palm from the A bottle and, inadvertently, two pills from the B bottle. Unfortunately the A and B pills are indistinguishable, and taking more than one B pill per day is fatal. And the pills are very expensive, so you can’t afford to throw out the handful and start over. How can you arrange to take the correct dose without wasting any pills?

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Add a second A pill to the group and cut each pill in half: Now, regardless of their identities, if you take one half of each pill you’ll be taking the equivalent of one A pill and one B pill. Tomorrow you can take the remaining halves and then return to the normal regimen.

July 14, 2015July 26, 2015 | Puzzles

Hour of Babel

A problem from the second Balkan Mathematical Olympiad, 1985:

Of the 1985 people attending an international meeting, no one speaks more than five languages, and in any subset of three attendees, at least two speak a common language. Prove that some language is spoken by at least 200 of the attendees.

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If any two of the attendees, A and B, have no language in common, then in any trio that they belong to, the third member, C, must have a language in common with one or both of them. Now suppose that the proposition we’re asked to prove is false — that is, suppose that there are not more than 198 other attendees who speak a language that’s spoken by A or B. A and B know at most 10 languages between them, so at most there are 10 × 198 = 1980 people C who are available to complete an acceptable trio with A and B. But we’ve been told that there are 1985 – 2 = 1983 others who are able to fulfill this role. This is a contradiction, so our supposition, that no language is spoken by 200 attendees, must be false. “It is easy to forget all about the alternative case, for the odds must be overwhelming that some two of the 1985 participants will be at linguistic loggerheads,” notes Ross Honsberger in From Erdös to Kiev. “However, we still need to consider the possibility that every pair (A, B) have a language in common. Fortunately, this is a trivial case, for then each of the other 1984 people must speak one of the five or fewer languages spoken by A, for an average of at least 397 (counting A).”

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July 7, 2015July 19, 2015 | Puzzles