His and Hers

In German, a young lady has no sex, while a turnip has. Think what overwrought reverence that shows for the turnip, and what callous disrespect for the girl. See how it looks in print — I translate this from a conversation in one of the best of the German Sunday-school books:

Gretchen. Wilhelm, where is the turnip?

Wilhelm. She has gone to the kitchen.

Gretchen. Where is the accomplished and beautiful English maiden?

Wilhelm. It has gone to the opera.

… A tree is male, its buds are female, its leaves are neuter; horses are sexless, dogs are male, cats are female — tomcats included, of course; a person’s mouth, neck, bosom, elbows, fingers, nails, feet, and body are of the male sex, and his head is male or neuter according to the word selected to signify it, and not according to the sex of the individual who wears it — for in Germany all the women wear either male heads or sexless ones; a person’s nose, lips, shoulders, breast, hands, and toes are of the female sex; and his hair, ears, eyes, chin, legs, knees, heart, and conscience haven’t any sex at all. The inventor of the language probably got what he knew about a conscience from hearsay.

— Mark Twain (from A Tramp Abroad)

Oh, Thank You

There are biscuits on the sideboard if you want them. That’s a natural-enough-sounding expression, but it’s also a peculiar thing to say.

“[T]he verb is the highly ordinary are,” noted philosopher J.L. Austin in 1956, “but the if is more like that in ‘I can if I choose’ than that in ‘I panted if I ran’: for we can certainly infer from it that ‘There are biscuits on the sideboard whether you want them or not’ and that anyway ‘There are biscuits on the sideboard’, whereas it would be folly to infer that ‘If there are no biscuits on the sideboard you do not want them’, or to understand the meaning to be that you have only to want biscuits to cause them to be on the sideboard.”

Delightfully, such expressions are called biscuit conditionals.

A Bouquet

A surprising number of flowers are named for people:

  • begonia: after Michel Bégon, a former governor of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti)
  • camellia: after Jesuit botanist Georg Joseph Kamel
  • dahlia: after Anders Dahl, a student of Carl Linnaeus
  • forsythia: after Scottish botanist William Forsyth
  • fuchsia: after German botanist Leonhart Fuchs
  • gardenia: after Scottish naturalist Alexander Garden
  • magnolia: after French botanist Pierre Magnol
  • poinsettia: after Joel Roberts Poinsett, the first U.S. minister to Mexico, who is credited with bringing the flower to the United States
  • wisteria: after American physician Caspar Wistar
  • zinnia: after German botanist Johann Gottfried Zinn

The ackee fruit of Jamaica is named Blighia sapida after William Bligh, who discovered it in his travels after the mutiny on HMS Bounty.

(Via Maxwell W. Nurnberg, Wonders in Words, 1968.)

Impostors

“Plaindromes” are ordinary sentences that sound as if they ought to be palindromes:

Money-man I, an Adam, not even a doom.
Stella, Otis deified Satan and Edna.
An item? No, revolt took Natasha.
Eggbert, a wry dross needs seating, tea-grams.
Droop: an old fan? Needles fone a poor ode.

“Ungrams” are invalid anagrams:

Richard M. Nixon / Noxious charmer
Brooklyn Bridge / Good ride by lake

Both were invented by Jef Raskin of Cupertino, California (from the August 2010 issue of Word Ways).

In a Word

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cast_sitting_victim_Pompeii.jpg

quidam
n. an unknown person

oppidan
n. an inhabitant of a town

obrute
v. to overwhelm, bury; to cover over

recumbentibus
n. a knockdown blow

The “sitting man” is numbered among the victims of Vesuvius in 79 CE.

He died crouching in a corner of his house, holding a scarf over his mouth.

For Short

In 2007 I posted this cryptic verse by William Whewell:

U 0 a 0 but I 0 U,
O 0 no 0 but O 0 me;
O let not my 0 a 0 go,
But give 0 0 I 0 U so.

You sigh for a cipher but I sigh for you,
O sigh for no cipher, but O sigh for me;
O let not my sigh for a cipher go,
But give sigh for sigh, for I sigh for you so.

In An Almanac of Words at Play (1975), Willard R. Espy offered this addition. What does it say?

Oy OO thO he O
2 On an OO. OO bO
An OO but he never thO
He’d O the OO dealer O
For the OO OO bO.
Say, has OO’s OO brO
OO O that OO sO?
OO’s OO’s good for nO.

Click for Answer

Double Duty

J.A. Lindon composed this remarkable pair of monosyllabic poems in 1969. The two read the same, but each has its own rhyme scheme, and each is a distinct acrostic, the first letter of each line spelling out the title.

Cats, Cats, Cats, Cats!

Cats come with mews,
All have sharp claws,
They air their views.
Stray soon from laws,
Climb wall. Each tom
And each mog — grand
Thieves — munch meal from
Scamp’s lunch. Scamp planned …

Chain off, he might
Aim at a rout,
Touch mogs and bite
Such prime bits out!
Chance came. Grey dawn.
At once left mat.
The deuce! On lawn -­
Scamp loose — no cat!

Chase ’em, Scamp, Go On!

Cats come with mews, all
Have sharp claws, they
Air their views, stray
Soon from laws, climb wall.

Each tom and
Each mog — grand thieves — munch
Meal from Scamp’s lunch.
Scamp planned …

Chain off, he might aim
At a rout, touch
Mogs and bite such
Prime bits out. Chance came.

Grey dawn. At
Once left mat. The deuce!
On lawn — Scamp loose -­
No cat!

(J.A. Lindon and Walter Shedlofsky, “Convertible Acrostics,” Word Ways 2:3 [August 1969], 159-161.)

Roundabout

Poet Alastair Reid arranged unusual words into “garlands,” rings that end where they began:

What is a Tingle-Airey?

A tingle-airey is a hand organ, usually played on the street by the turning of a handle, and often decorated with mother-of-pearl or piddock shells.

What are Piddocks?

Piddocks are little mollusks which bore holes in rocks and wood, or in the breastsummers of buildings.

What is a Breastsummer?

A breastsummer is a great beam supporting the weight of a wall, and sometimes of a gazebo above.

What is a Gazebo?

A gazebo is a round balcony with large windows looking out on a view, often of ornamental gardens and cotoneasters.

What is a Cotoneaster?

A cotoneaster is a kind of flowering shrub, a favorite of mumruffins.

What is a Mumruffin?

A mumruffin is a long-tailed tit which often visits bird tables in winter for its share of pobbies.

What are Pobbies?

Pobbies are small pieces of bread thrumbled up with milk and fed to birds and baby animals.

What is Thrumbled?

Thrumbled is squashed together. Ants thrumble round a piece of bread, and crowds in streets thrumble round gongoozlers.

What is a Gongoozler?

A gongoozler is an idle person who is always stopping in the street and staring at a curious object like a tingle-airey.

Once you’ve traversed the list twice or thrice, he says, “you will be able to use them whenever you wish.”

End to End

Read word by word, this sentence is a palindrome:

Girl, bathing on Bikini, eyeing boy, finds boy eyeing bikini on bathing girl.

From a New Statesman competition:

Women understand men; few men understand women.
God knows man. What is doubtful is what man knows God.
Does milk machinery milk does?
Bores are people that say that people are bores.

A few more.

08/22/2026 UPDATE: From Walt Kelly’s comic Pogo:

Smile, wavering wings,
Above rains pour,
While hopefully sings
Love of shorn shore.

Shore shorn of love
Sings hopefully while,
Pour rains above,
Wings wavering, smile.

(“I don’t git it.” “That’s the clever part. It’s gotta be read backward.”)

(Thanks, David.)