Four Seasons

Flemish engraver Aegidius Sadeler II based these prints on designs by Pieter Stevens II. Spring:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aegidius_Sadeler,_Pieter_Stevens_II_-_Spring.jpg

Summer:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aegidius_Sadeler,_Pieter_Stevens_II_-_Summer.jpg

Autumn:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aegidius_Sadeler,_Pieter_Stevens_II_-_Autumn.jpg

Winter:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aegidius_Sadeler,_Pieter_Stevens_II_-_Winter.jpg

One year is sufficient to behold all the magnificence of nature, nay, even one day and night; for more is but the same brought again. This sun, that moon, these stars, the varying dance of the spring, summer, autumn, winter, is that very same which the golden age did see. They which have the longest time lent them to live in, have almost no part of it at all, measuring it either by the space of time which is past, when they were not, or by that which is to come. Why shouldst thou then care whether thy days be many or few, which, when prolonged to the uttermost, prove, paralleled with eternity, as a tear is to the ocean? To die young, is to do that soon, and in some fewer days, which once thou must do; it is but the giving over of a game, that after never so many hazards, must be lost.

— William Drummond of Hawthornden, A Cypress Grove, 1623

Applied Geometry

George Wither wrote this “rhomboidal dirge” in 1622:

                        Ah me!
                    Am I the swain
              That late from sorrow free
          Did all the cares on earth disdain?
      And still untouched, as at some safer games,
  Played with the burning coals of love, and beauty's flames?
Was't I could dive, and sound each passion's secret depth at will?
And from those huge o'erwhelmings rise, by help of reason still?
    And am I now, O heavens! for trying this in vain,
        So sunk that I shall never rise again?
          Then let despair set sorrow's string,
              For strains that doleful be;
                    And I will sing,
                        Ah me!

                        But why,
                      O fatal time,
                Dost thou constrain that I
          Should perish in my youth's sweet prime?
      I, but awhile ago, (you cruel powers!)
  In spite of fortune, cropped contentment's sweetest flowers,
And yet unscornèd, serve a gentle nymph, the fairest she,
That ever was beloved of man, or eyes did ever see!
    Yea, one whose tender heart would rue for my distress;
        Yet I, poor I! must perish ne'ertheless.
          And (which much more augments my care)
                  Unmoanèd I must die,
                    And no man e'er
                      Know why.

                      Thy leave,
                    My dying song,
                Yet take, ere grief bereave
            The breath which I enjoy too long,
        Tell thou that fair one this: my soul prefers
    Her love above my life; and that I died her's:
And let him be, for evermore, to her remembrance dear,
Who loved the very thought of her whilst he remained here.
  And now farewell! thou place of my unhappy birth,
      Where once I breathed the sweetest air on earth;
            Since me my wonted joys forsake,
                And all my trust deceive;
                    Of all I take
                      My leave.

                        Farewell!
                  Sweet groves, to you!
                You hills, that highest dwell;
              And all you humble vales, adieu!
          You wanton brooks, and solitary rocks,
      My dear companions all! and you, my tender flocks!
Farewell my pipe, and all those pleasing songs, whose moving strains
Delighted once the fairest nymphs that dance upon the plains!
        You discontents, whose deep and over-deadly smart
          Have, without pity, broke the truest heart.
              Sighs, tears, and every sad annoy,
                That erst did with me dwell,
                    And all other joys,
                        Farewell!

                          Adieu!
                    Fair shepherdesses!
                  Let garlands of sad yew
              Adorn your dainty golden tresses.
        I, that loved you, and often with my quill,
    Made music that delighted fountain, grove, and hill;
I, whom you loved so, and with a sweet and chaste embrace.
Yea, with a thousand rather favours, would vouchsafe to grace,
        I now must leave you all alone, of love to plain;
            And never pipe, nor never sing again!
              I must, for evermore, be gone;
                  And therefore bid I you,
                      And every one,
                          Adieu!

                        I die!
                    For, oh! I feel
              Death's horrors drawing nigh,
            And all this frame of nature reel.
          My hopeless heart, despairing of relief,
    Sinks underneath the heavy weight of saddest grief;
Which hath so ruthless torn, so racked, so tortured every vein,
All comfort comes too late to have it ever cured again.
    My swimming head begins to dance death's giddy round;
        A shuddering chillness doth each sense confound;
            Benumbed is my cold sweating brow
                A dimness shuts my eye.
                  And now, oh! now,
                        I die!

In 1968, conceptual artist Douglas Huebler used small bits of self-sticking paper to mark the vertices of two giant imaginary hexagons in Boston and New York. “The world is full of objects, more or less interesting; I do not wish to add any more,” he wrote later. “I prefer, simply, to state the existence of things in terms of time and place.”

Quinary

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Santini_Aichel_-_Zelen%C3%A1_Hora_ground_plan_2.jpg

When Saint John of Nepomuk was martyred, legend claims that five stars appeared above his head. So in 1721, when Czech architect Jan Santini Aichel designed a church to commemorate the Bohemian clergyman, he gave it a fivefold symmetry: The circular nave is surrounded by five pairs of columns and five oval domes alternating with ogival apses. The primary altar (one of five) bears five angels supporting a heavenly sphere decorated with five stars.

It’s beautiful even from above — the surrounding ring cloister is divided into 10 sections by five chapels and five gates:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KLG_4953_CZ_-_%C5%BD%C4%8F%C3%A1r_nad_S%C3%A1zavou,_Wallfahrtskirche_Zelen%C3%A1_Hora.jpg
Image: Wikimedia Commons

Weather and Art

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joachim_Frich_-_Landscape_with_stormy_Sky_-_NG.M.03292_-_National_Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Design.jpg

In 1970, Penn State meteorologist Hans Neuberger examined 12,000 European paintings to reconstruct historical climate data between 1400 and 1967. He found a marked increase in darkness and cloud cover between 1550 and 1849, corresponding roughly to the Little Ice Age. Painters in the Mediterranean School depicted bluer skies and clearer conditions than their British counterparts, whose paintings showed overcast skies and lower visibility. No English paintings depicted a completely clear sky.

In 2011, researchers Karen Aplin and Paul Williams quantified the frequency of musical allusions to weather in orchestral music over time. Storms, not surprisingly, were the weather type most frequently represented, followed by wind, cloud, rain, sun, and fog. Of the pieces they chose to study, all those depicting frontal storms were in minor keys, and all those depicting fair weather were in major keys. By a large margin, the most common nationality of weather-depicting composers was British. “This appears to support the stereotypical assumption that people from the UK are more enthusiastic about the weather than their colleagues overseas, although this effect could be due to sampling bias, given that the authors of this paper are both from the UK.”

(Hans Neuberger, “Climate in Art,” Weather 25:2 [February 1970], 46-56; Karen L. Aplin and Paul D. Williams, “Meteorological Phenomena in Western Classical Orchestral Music,” Weather 66:11 [November 2011], 300-306. Here’s a related study looking at popular music.)

The Fene Cellist

https://www.reddit.com/r/Damnthatsinteresting/comments/1rfhyvl/spotted_in_spain/

In 2023, the Spanish artist SFHIR created this nine-story mural in Fene, Galicia, for the first Perla Mural Fest. At night the instrument comes to life as the building’s stairwell is illuminated.

The mural was judged best among 50 finalists in the Street Art Cities 2023 awards.

Presentation

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empty-frame.png

Frames kill, Picasso said one day, they are mourning borders to bad news. Whenever, in some house or other, he saw a canvas of his framed, he generally felt ill at ease — like the canvas itself. It had been dressed up. It had been made to wear gloves. It had been married and wreathed. It was no longer painting as such, but had become the dining-room picture.

— Hélène Parmelin, Picasso Plain, 1963

The Tonnetz

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neo-Riemannian_Tonnetz.svg

In 1739, Leonhard Euler devised a “tone net” to represent graphically the traditional harmonic relationships in European classical music. In the version above, the dark blue triangle at the center is an A minor triad; the red triangle to its right is the relative major, C; and the red triangle below it is the parallel major, A. Every such pattern is mirrored in all the other keys. The tones are numbered from 0 (A♭) to 11 (G). Major triads are red, and minor are blue. The thinnest lines denote minor thirds, thicker are major thirds, and the thickest horizontal lines are fifths. See this page for further relationships.

The heart of the figure, shown in somewhat darker colors in the diagram, is a parallelogram composed of 24 triangles. The top edge of this parallelogram can be joined to the bottom, which lists the same notes in their enharmonic equivalents, and if the resulting cylinder is twisted slightly then its ends can be joined in the same way, forming a torus.

New Leaves

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Constable_-_Wivenhoe_Park,_Essex,_1816.jpg

Constable said that the superiority of the green he uses for his meadows derives from the fact that it is composed of a multitude of different greens. What causes the lack of intensity and of life in verdure as it is painted by the common run of landscapists is that they ordinarily do it with a uniform tint. What he said about the green of the meadows can be applied to all the other tones.

— Eugène Delacroix, Journal