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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Self-portrait,_entitled_The_Silence,_by_Joseph_Ducreux,_Nationalmuseum,_Stockholm.jpg

French painter Joseph Ducreux (1735–1802) was fascinated with physiognomy, the notion that a person’s character is reflected in their outward appearance — and this led to some decidedly unconventional self-portraits.

At the same time, Franz Xaver Messerschmidt (1736-1783) was doing similar work in three dimensions.